306: Checklist for the Report

 

The purpose of a report is to present information and ideas in a way that the reader will find useful.  Often, it is to recommend action that the research indicates the reader should take.  The headings below reflect a broad superstructure for conventional reports.  Generally, one size does not fit all.  Your report could be organized in many ways, depending on the needs and expectations of your readers. 

 

Introduction

 

q      Announces the topic of the report.

q      Tells or reminds the reader why you are writing.

q      Does so in a way that persuades the reader the report is worth reading.

q      Provides any background information the reader will need or want, including a statement of the problem: its existence, its seriousness, its causes.  

q      Provides the reader an overview of what is to come. 

 

Methods

 

q      Tells the things your reader wants to know about the way you obtained facts and ideas presented in the report.

q      Persuades the reader these methods will produce reliable results.

 

Data / Results/ Findings / Discussion

 

q      Presents in clear and specific terms what you found out.

q      Includes material that is relevant to the reader; excludes material that isn’t.

q      Presents the generalizations you draw from your facts. 

q      Persuades the reader that you are reasoning soundly (for example:  why one solution is better than another). 

q      May include a discussion of the solutions, including alternatives (their advantages and disadvantages).  

 

Conclusions / Recommendations

 

q      Tells the conclusions, and how the recommendations are based on them. 

q      May state or restate the solution and the reasons for choosing it.

q      May acknowldge objections and either accommodate or refute them.

q      Tells the significance—from your readers’ viewpoint—of your facts and generalizations.

q      Tells what the reader should do--the steps for implementing the solution.

q      May make the recommendations stand out by putting them in a bulleted or numbered list.

 

Visuals

 

q      Uses any visual aids that the reader would find useful.

q      Uses designs for the visuals that are neat, effective and easy to read. 

q      Visuals are labeled, referenced, and (if possible) close to the reference.

 

Format / Page Design

 

q      Looks neat and attractive.

q      Provides easy access for the reader to specific parts of the discussion.

q      Uses at least one level heading.

q      Uses headers and footers for page #s and other relevant info.

q      Includes front and end matter.

 

Correctness

 

q      Employs correct grammar, punctuation, and spelling. 

 

Ethics

 

q      Takes into account all the report’s interested parties.